987 results
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Acidosis Causes of High-anion ... Potassium-sparing ... ACE-Is and ARBs
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... combination with ACE ... Differential #Diagnosis #High ... #Potassium #Classification
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Decreased renal potassium ... Drugs Increased potassium ... (oral/iv) • Potassium-rich ... Normal, Renin High ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
that Impair Renal Potassium ... Aldosterone Release: ACE ... Pharmacology #Impaired #Potassium
ACEI Antihypertensive Dose Comparison. Consider divided (BID) regimen for better pre-dose (trough) BP control for the
ACEI Antihypertensive ... Monitor BP, potassium
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
High mortality. ... products contain potassium ... People taking ACEi
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
with excreting potassium ... classes (Aliskiren, ACEI ... while retaining potassium ... will increase potassium ... , which is why potassium
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
ALL patients - High ... measures fail - Potassium ... oxalate food - Potassium ... alkalinisation: potassium ... alkalinization: potassium