13 results
Differential diagnosis for toxic/metabolic encephalopathies - Patterns on Brain Imaging

Cynthia Czawlytko, MD @drcyncity

#Differential #diagnosis #encephalopathies #encephalopathy
on Brain Imaging ... encephalopathy #Brain ... #imaging #patterns ... #MRI #Neurology ... pathology #diseases #radiology
Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders

Thalami, Mammillary Bodies and Tectum: Wernicke Encephalopathy
Dentate Nuclei: Metronidazole,
Imaging Patterns ... and Metabolic Brain ... Pons: ODS #MRI ... #Metabolic #Brain ... #Neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
parietal lobes of the brain ... may precede the neurologic ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Imaging Patterns ... circulation: MCA ACA
Principal patterns of loss of sensation.
 (a) Thalamic lesion: sensory loss throughout opposite side (rare).
Principal patterns ... Brown—Séquard syndrome ... lesion: loss of all ... #Diagnosis #Neurology ... #Patterns #Sensory
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
nervous system: Brain ... • Infectious: Brain ... changes - Common pattern ... EMG) studies • MRI ... Differential #Diagnosis #neurology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Diagnosis- Compatible syndrome ... + MRI lesions + ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... diagnosis #causes #radiology ... #neurology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
BEE Syndromes - ... affecting the Brain ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... consistent with MS ... #neurology #noninflammatory
Leigh Syndrome 
History: 19-month-old girl with hypotonia, developmental 
delay, failure to thrive, and bilateral optic disc
Leigh Syndrome ... various imaging patterns ... #Clinical #MRI ... #Brain #Diagnosis ... #Radiology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... similar to PML, but MRI ... Diagnosis: MRI ... The clinical syndrome ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Guillain-Barre Syndrome ... Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... complete paralysis of all ... axonal form • MRI ... management #treatment #neurology