13 results
Differential diagnosis for toxic/metabolic encephalopathies - Patterns on Brain Imaging

Cynthia Czawlytko, MD @drcyncity

#Differential #diagnosis #encephalopathies #encephalopathy
Differential diagnosis ... on Brain Imaging ... #imaging #patterns ... #MRI #Neurology ... pathology #diseases #radiology
Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders

Thalami, Mammillary Bodies and Tectum: Wernicke Encephalopathy
Dentate Nuclei: Metronidazole,
Imaging Patterns ... and Metabolic Brain ... Pons: ODS #MRI ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Radiology #Neurology
Leigh Syndrome 
History: 19-month-old girl with hypotonia, developmental 
delay, failure to thrive, and bilateral optic disc
Leigh Syndrome ... various imaging patterns ... #Clinical #MRI ... #Brain #Diagnosis ... #Radiology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
parietal lobes of the brain ... may precede the neurologic ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Imaging Patterns ... #neurology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
- Compatible syndrome ... + MRI lesions + ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... #causes #radiology ... #neurology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
affecting the Brain ... important, as early diagnosis ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... consistent with MS ... #neurology #noninflammatory
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
- Differential Diagnosis ... nervous system: Brain ... changes - Common pattern ... EMG) studies • MRI ... #neurology
Principal patterns of loss of sensation.
 (a) Thalamic lesion: sensory loss throughout opposite side (rare).
Principal patterns ... Brown—Séquard syndrome ... lesion: loss of all ... #Diagnosis #Neurology ... #Patterns #Sensory
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... similar to PML, but MRI ... Diagnosis: MRI ... The clinical syndrome ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... Guillain-Barre Diagnosis ... axonal form • MRI ... #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #neurology