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differential hyponatremia management syndrome algorithm gitelman treatment hyperkalemia acute cerebral chronic comparison druginduced hypernatremia hypotonic medications neurology person pharmacology physiologic
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... (Heparin) • Sodium-channel ... • Exogenous (KCL ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology ... autosomal recessive salt-losing ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 1) Neurological event 2) Sodium loss from tubules 3) Naturiesis →
Cerebral Salt Wasting ... vs SIADH - Pathophysiology ... Neurological event 2) Sodium ... SaltWasting #SIADH #Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... Hypervolemic (Excess salt ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... osmostat, Cerebral salt ... Hyponatremia #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Acute Hyperkalemia ... ) - IV sodium bicarbonate ... counseling (avoid salt ... /min) - Oral sodium ... Chronic #treatment #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
: SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Always start with ... 3 questions to work ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup Blood Work: - Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis ... and Workup Blood ... Work: - Hypokalemia ... Fractional excretion of Cl ... #Workup #nephrology
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