27 results
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... osmostat, Cerebral salt ... (UOsm < 100): Primary ... #Algorithm #diagnosis
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... losses, Cerebral salt ... Glucocorticoid deficiency, Primary ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #algorithm #diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis by Mechanism ... - Cirrhosis Syndrome ... - Cerebral salt ... renal failure - Primary
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
s Syndrome: Pathogenesis ... (SLE) Signs / Symptoms ... #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... - Cushing's syndrome ... , Primary hyperaldosteronism ... , Salt water intake ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... Insufficiency, Cerebral Salt ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... water intake (Primary ... #differential #diagnosis
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... Bladder retention -> Primarily ... hemicord lesion -> Primarily ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Always start with ... demyelination syndrome ... in 100 mL boluses ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism
AST and ALT:
 • AST: liver
CAST) • ALT: primarily ... Laboratory #Metabolism #ASTALT ... #AlkPhos #Bilirubin ... #Hepatology #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #LFTs
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
Management Summary Primary ... ketoconazole, etomidate) Symptoms ... secondary AI, hyponatremia ... hypophysitis, Sheehan's syndrome ... Give 250 mcg of