41 results
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
Causes of acute ... and interstitial disease ... Glomerular basement membrane ... #Diagnosis #AKI ... #Sites #Nephrology
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Deep coma (any cause ... injury, Early ALS ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #neurology
Pseudobulbar Affect
Characteristics (These episodes usually cause distress and impairment in occupational or social functioning):
 - Extreme
episodes usually cause ... Lateral Sclerosis (ALS ... ) (*main cause), ... Pseudobulbar #Affect #neurology ... #differential #diagnosis
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Red blood cell casts ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Syndrome #Nephritic #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Upper Versus Lower Motor Neuron Findings

Denervation near the target muscle fibers (lower motor neuron disease) results
lower motor neuron disease ... #MotorNeuron #Comparison ... Versus #Findings #Diagnosis ... #Table #Neurology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Minimal change disease ... • Membranous ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Lupus Nephritis Primer
Class I - Minimal Mesangial
Class II - Mesangial Proliferative
Class Ill - Focal Proliferative
Class IV
Proliferative Class V - Membranous ... Classification #Classes ... #differential #diagnosis ... #management #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Thin basement membrane ... disease - Alport ... of glomerular disease ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Cold Urticaria
Prevalence - 0.05% in the population
Disease onset - Mostly 2nd to 4th decades of life
Causes
decades of life Causes ... doi: 10.1111/all ... Cold #Urticaria #diagnosis ... #rheumatology #comparison ... #table
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
gene encoding AVP-NPII ... dominant mutations in AQP ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... Classification #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential