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diagnosis differential algorithm hyperkalemia treatment high pharmacology low rhabdomyolysis bells binders comparison criticalcare crystalloids diuresis diuretics excretion foamed gitelman hyperreflexia
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... measuring urinary K ... loss • Renal K ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... of hypokalemia ... that is leaky all ... drain wide open all ... #workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... Stabilize cardiac membrane ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... #management #potassium ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... with intact cell membrane ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... Elimination (see Table ... stabilizes cardiac membrane ... #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... with intact cell membrane ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Management Algorithm • Treat the cause & optimize hemodynamics and ventilation • Reconsider treatment leadingto
Hyperkalemia Management ... • Treat the cause ... and parenteral potassium ... supplements 1) Cell Membrane ... Intracellular K+
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Hypertensive: • High Al ... Gitelman's syndrome #Hypokalemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia Focal Hyporeflexia: • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Deep coma (any cause ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
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