9 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Primary and Secondary ... • Prosthetic valve ... Ring fracture, Thrombus ... Mitral annulus valve ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Valve (Vegetation ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... , PFO, ASD, h/o ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... scoring #criteria #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
mitral regurgitation ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... Marantic: Emboli > Regurgitation ... #management #cardiology
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
wide-complex tachycardia: bundle ... thrombus • Digoxin ... cardioversion 2. ... Mechanical heart valve ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... Infective/marantic endocarditis ... plane into left atrium ... parachute mitral valve ... Differential #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Echocardiogram (a4c ... Mitral valve doesn ... aneurysm idiopathic. 2. ... ASD with R/L shunting ... #clinical #cardiology
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Small secundum ASD ... to right shunt 2. ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
mitral regurgitation ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... Marantic: Emboli > Regurgitation ... #Diagnosis #cardiology
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
Early transit of bubbles ... >LAP as atrial septum ... stretched PFO or ASD ... clinical #pocus #a4c ... intrapulmonary #cardiology