12 results
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Marfan's Disease Mitral ... Fever • Trauma Mitral ... Ebstein's Anomaly • Carcinoid ... Systolic #Murmurs #Cardiology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... Fabry's disease, carcinoid ... disease Infective endocarditis ... myxoma)/ball valve ... #differential #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... -> TEE • Duke Criteria ... Substance use: R > L Tricuspid ... #management #cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
- Most Common Cause ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... , PFO, ASD, h/o ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... #cardiology
Right Sided Failure secondary to Carcinoid Heart Disease on Echocardiogram
Carcinoid heart disease results in characteristic right
In this case, note ... valve leaflets ... in torrential tricuspid ... #clinical #cardiology ... echocardiogram #pocus #a4c
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Infective/marantic endocarditis ... plane into left atrium ... valve - Secondary ... vascular disease, carcinoid ... Differential #Diagnosis #Cardiology
RA/CVP Waveform Interpretation

Central venous pressure (CVP) or right atrial pressure (RAP) waveform tracings can often times
ventricle (RV), tricuspid ... valve (TV), and ... “cannon waves” caused ... Success of mitral ... Interpretation #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
sclerosis (both heart valve ... of developing atrial ... • Infective Endocarditis ... Regurgitation) • Tricuspid ... #cardiology
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Giant dilated left atrium ... Echocardiogram (a4c ... Mitral valve doesn ... ASD with R/L shunting ... #clinical #cardiology
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... → TEE • Duke Criteria ... substance use: R > L Tricuspid ... #Diagnosis #cardiology