12 results
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Diagnosis 1. ... or PFO with left ... to right shunt 2. ... #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #s4c #pocus #bubble
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
atrium on Echocardiogram ... Mitral valve doesn ... sinus rhythm... 1. ... aneurysm idiopathic. 2. ... #atrium #a4c #Echocardiogram
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... vegetations)/tumor (left ... atrial myxoma)/ ... #diagnosis #differential ... #cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Paradoxical: Right to Left ... - Most Common Cause ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... scoring #criteria #cardiology
Intracardiac Septal Masses / Thickening on Echocardiogram - Differential Diagnosis - 4 separate cases:
Case 1: LV
- Differential ... : Case 1: LV Clot ... Case 2: Sarcoma ... #clinical #a4c ... #Diagnosis #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Infective/marantic endocarditis ... annular plane into left ... atrium. ... #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
Early transit of bubbles ... as RAP>LAP as atrial ... septum shifts left ... clinical #pocus #a4c ... intrapulmonary #cardiology
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
wide-complex tachycardia: bundle ... Cardioversion 1. ... cardioversion 2. ... Moderate or severe mitral ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Rheumatic Heart Disease - Mitral Stenosis on Echocardiogram
(1) Thickened and fibrosed MV leaflets - rheumatic etiology
(1) Thickened ... (2) Lvef 25-30% ... (7) patient in atrial ... #clinical #cardiology ... #a4c #thrombus