9 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Causes of Mitral ... , Infective endocarditis ... , Infective endocarditis ... annulus valve: ... Regurgitation #differential
What's the Dx?
• 29-year-old male 
• Transfer community hospital 
• Hypotension
• Renal failure
• Altered mental status.
demonstrate a mobile mitral ... young patient with fever ... #Clinical #POCUS ... Echocardiogram #PLAX ... #Infective #Endocarditis
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... Whipple's disease Infective ... endocarditis (vegetations ... atrial myxoma)/ball valve ... #diagnosis #differential
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... night sweats, fever ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... Persistent bacteremia/fevers
Causes of Antibiotic Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Diagnosis:
 • Non-Infectious: Malignant, Autoimmune, Drug-related (NMS, serotonin syndrome,
Causes of Antibiotic ... Failure - Differential ... Atypical bacteria: Viral ... lines, osteo, endocarditis ... SJS, DIHS, drug fever
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... stenosis - Infective ... /marantic endocarditis ... valve - Secondary ... #Functional #Differential
Causes of Petechial Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Pinpoint areas (less than 2 mm) of hemorrhage, which
Causes of Petechial ... Rash - Differential ... in primary or secondary ... Red Flags: • Fever ... Schonlein Purpura - Endocarditis
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... involves aortic and mitral ... night sweats, fever ... Septic emboli cause ... #Endocarditis #Differential
Approach to Joint Pain - Arthritis Differential Diagnosis Framework

Inflammatory Versus Noninflammatory Pain
 • Is it inflammatory
Pain - Arthritis Differential ... weeks) Can Be Caused ... • Rheumatic fever ... • Bacterial endocarditis ... tuberculosis) • Fungi, secondary