7 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Regurgitation Primary ... , Infective endocarditis ... , Infective endocarditis ... annulus valve: ... #differential #diagnosis
Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Massive Hemoptysis: >150-300 mL in 24h
Airway disease: 
 • Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Malignancy
Parenchyma: • Infection ... • Malignancy: Primary ... • Valvular (Mitral ... stenosis or regurgitation ... , Tricuspid endocarditis
What's the Dx?
• 29-year-old male 
• Transfer community hospital 
• Hypotension
• Renal failure
• Altered mental status.
• 29-year-old male ... demonstrate a mobile mitral ... young patient with fever ... #Clinical #POCUS ... Echocardiogram #PLAX #Infective
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
mitral regurgitation ... stenosis - Infective ... /marantic endocarditis ... valve - Secondary ... #Mitral #Regurgitation
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... regurgitation ... night sweats, fever ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Persistent bacteremia/fevers
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
15% of AIHA Primary ... infection, autoimmune ... Infection Clinical ... younger pts) Differential ... Symptoms: High fevers
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... involves aortic and mitral ... regurgitation ... night sweats, fever ... #Endocarditis #Differential