8 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Primary and Secondary ... Causes of Mitral ... cleft, cushion defects ... Regurgitation #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Septic Emboli Cause ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... Diagnosis? ... Treat underlying cause
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Lactic Acidosis - Differential ... Diagnosis The ... / hypoxemia -> focus ... Acidosis #Elevation #Differential ... #Diagnosis #causes
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
- Most Common Cause ... prosthetic valve, PFO, ASD ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis ... #differential #
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
disease: Most common cause ... Infective/marantic endocarditis ... muscle injury: Direct ... Primary #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Right Atrium - Differential ... Diagnosis 1. ... Small secundum ASD ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... Septic emboli cause ... #Differential #
Pyogenic liver abscess in children
Common bacterial causes in children:
 • S.aureus
 • Strep spp
 • Enteric
Common bacterial causes ... infection: • Direct ... artery (e.g., endocarditis ... children #peds #differential ... #diagnosis #hepatology