8 results
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
(Vegetation, Thrombus ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... , PFO, ASD, h/o ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... Embolism #diagnosis #differential
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
(a4c) It belongs ... Mitral valve doesn ... sinus rhythm... 1. ... ASD with R/L shunting ... a4c #Echocardiogram
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
- Differential ... Diagnosis 1. ... Small secundum ASD ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... formation • Other vegetations ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... -mm left sided vegetations
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
disease Infective endocarditis ... (vegetations)/tumor ... (left atrial myxoma ... )/ball valve thrombus ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Infective/marantic endocarditis ... Vegetations seen ... plane into left atrium ... parachute mitral valve ... Primary #Functional #Differential
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... -mm left sided vegetations ... #Endocarditis #Differential
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
Early transit of bubbles ... >LAP as atrial septum ... In addition to dilated ... stretched PFO or ASD ... clinical #pocus #a4c