11 results
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
(Vegetation, Thrombus ... , PFO, ASD, h/o ... Criteria) OR (2 ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis ... #differential #
Duke's Criteria for Infective Endocarditis
Definite IE - Pathologic Criteria:
 • Pathologic lesions - vegetation or intracardiac
Criteria: • 2 ... OR • 1 major and ... major and 1 minor ... clinical criteria ... #diagnosis #major
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Diagnosis 1. ... Small secundum ASD ... to right shunt 2. ... #clinical #echocardiogram ... #s4c #pocus #bubble
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... -> TEE • Duke Criteria ... -mm left sided vegetations ... #Endocarditis #diagnosis
Endocarditis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
What is it? Inflammation of endocardium, typically secondary to infection of
Endocarditis - Diagnosis ... and Management ... : Duke Criteria ... (2 Major OR 1 Major ... bacteria, ECHO w/ vegetation
Severity of Aortic Stenosis in Adults 
Current ACC/AHA guidelines recommend cut-off values for Doppler-echocardiographic measurements of
aortic valve area ... gradient of >50 mmHg (2) ... common problem in clinical ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... Classification #Severity #Criteria
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Echocardiogram (a4c ... Mitral valve doesn ... sinus rhythm... 1. ... ASD with R/L shunting ... #left #atrium #a4c
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... → TEE • Duke Criteria ... -mm left sided vegetations ... #Endocarditis #Differential
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
1. ... Early transit of bubbles ... stretched PFO or ASD ... Echocardiogram #clinical ... #pocus #a4c #intrapulmonary
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
Diagnosis = clinical ... sx will not be subtle ... or sed rate): Value ... very remarkable w/differential ... mg per day or 1