11 results
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Effect in Right Atrium ... or PFO with left ... to right shunt 2. ... Effect #Right #Atrium ... #pocus #bubble
Atrial Fibrillation Overview

Symptoms:
Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

1. Why?
Cardiac:
• Valvular heart disease
•
Atrial Fibrillation ... near-syncope, syncope. 1. ... Endocrinopathies 2. ... Anticoagulation #Atrial ... #Management #Algorithm
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
atrium on Echocardiogram ... sinus rhythm... 1. ... aneurysm idiopathic. 2. ... ASD with R/L shunting ... #atrium #a4c #Echocardiogram
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... risk factors Atrial ... atria, the size ... atrial thrombus ... atrial occlusion
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Paradoxical: Right to Left ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... prosthetic valve, PFO, ASD ... Major + 1 Minor ... scoring #criteria #cardiology
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
1. ... Early transit of bubbles ... as RAP>LAP as atrial ... septum shifts left ... clinical #pocus #a4c
Pacemaker Operating Modes
1 - Chamber paced
     A (atrium), V (ventricle), D (dual/both)
2
paced A (atrium ... sensed or paced atrial ... Post-ventricular atrial ... during which an atrial ... sensed by the atrial
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
diffusion-perfusion defect (Type 1) ... anatomic shunt (Type 2) ... Microbubbles appear in left ... cycles after right atrial ... blood gas (ABC)
Rheumatic Heart Disease - Mitral Stenosis on Echocardiogram
(1) Thickened and fibrosed MV leaflets - rheumatic etiology
Echocardiogram (1) ... (2) Lvef 25-30% ... (7) patient in atrial ... clinically be in CHF ... #a4c #thrombus
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
disease b) CHF ... indication of AC ... one post op Cardiology ... CARP, DECREASE V trials ... medical and surgical management