11 results
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
kidney disease Congenital ... disease Infective endocarditis ... vegetations)/tumor (left atrial ... stenosis #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential #cardiology
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Giant dilated left atrium ... Mitral valve doesn ... ASD with R/L shunting ... dilated #left #atrium ... #clinical #cardiology
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
of developing atrial ... mmHg developed atrial ... • Infective Endocarditis ... • Mitral Regurgitation ... • Mitral Stenosis
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Prosthetic valve • Congenital ... mitral regurgitation ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... #cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Infective/marantic endocarditis ... plane into left atrium ... inferior wall - Congenital ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... prosthetic valve, PFO, ASD ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis ... scoring #criteria #cardiology
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
Paroxysmal AF, atrial ... flutter, or atrial ... Arrhythmias: • Atrial ... • Multifocal atrial ... heart failure • Mitral
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Effect in Right Atrium ... Small secundum ASD ... Effect #Right #Atrium ... #cardiology #clinical ... echocardiogram #s4c
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
Diagnosis Framework ... Prosthetic valve • Congenital ... mitral regurgitation ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD
The location of the cardiac valves is best determined on the lateral radiograph.
A line is drawn
mitral valves sit ... enlargement of the left atrium ... #Clinical #Diagnosis ... #Radiology #CXR ... #Localization #Mitral