11 results
Apical 4-chamber (A4) Apical 4 Chamber view demonstrating the right ventricle (RV), right atrium (RA), left
(A4) Apical 4 Chamber ... left ventricle (LV ... ) and left atrium ... #Clinical #EM #Cardiology ... #A4 #ApicalFourChamber
Mitral Regurgitation on POCUS Echocardiogram - Apical 4 Chamber

Before blousing fluids, check for LV systolic function
Echocardiogram - Apical ... fluids, check for LV ... regurgitation on an A4 ... Echocardiogram #A4c ... #cardiology #clinical
Mitral Regurgitation on POCUS Echocardiogram - Apical 4 Chamber

Before blousing fluids, check for LV systolic function
Echocardiogram - Apical ... fluids, check for LV ... regurgitation on an A4 ... Echocardiogram #A4c ... #cardiology #clinical
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
plane into left atrium ... papillary muscles apically ... symmetric as LV ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Cardiology
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy on Echocardiogram - Apical 4 Chamber View

RCM is a disease of diastole —> severe
Echocardiogram - Apical ... might look like asd ... An ASD with atria ... echocardiogram #cardiology ... #a4c
Mechanical Complications in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Acute LV/RV Dysfunction:
 • Regional wall motion, systolic and diastolic function,
HTN and LV/RV dysfunction ... size < 0.5 • Bidirectional ... anterior infarct in apical ... Infarction #acuteMI #cardiology ... #differential #diagnosis
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Echocardiogram (a4c ... MR was only mild ... valve doesn’t look typical ... ASD with R/L shunting ... #clinical #cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Direct: Clot (LV ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... prosthetic valve, PFO, ASD ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis ... scoring #criteria #cardiology
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy - Summary
1. Definition
 • Towards the end of pregnancy to 5 months postpartum
pregnancy • May have typical ... timing with Cardio-OB ... Serial TTE and close ... follow-up with Cardio-OB ... #management #cardiology
Tropical Endomyocardial Fibrosis (EMF)
snrunken ventnoes
Hallmark chronic EMF features include:
 • Apical obliteration of the left and/or
features include: • Apical ... MR (double V sign ... marked atria enlargement ... Fibrosis #EMF #cardiology ... #diagnosis