12 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... alkalosis - ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Stroke Mimics - Differential Diagnosis - MINT Mnemonic
 • Metabolic: Hyper-glycemia, Hypoglycemia, Wernicke's encephalopathy, Mitochondrial Encephalopathy
Diagnosis - MINT ... Mnemonic • Metabolic ... Traumatic Brain Injury ... Stroke #Mimics #CVA ... #Mnemonic #neurology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Compensation, Acute ... Diagnosis: Causes ... sedation, narcotics, CVA ... #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Alkalosis: Differential ... Diagnosis ECF ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... #nephrology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Diagnosis Increased ... K+: • Tissue injury ... lysis syndrome • Metabolic ... glycosides • High acute ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... alkalosis, Ketonuria ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #Causes #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Diagnosis Framework ... paraproteinemia, acute ... resp. alkalosis ... Fanconi syndrome, CA ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity

Hypernatremia (HyperNa):
 - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
solutions may have ↑ sodium ... paired with a lower sodium ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Toxicity #toxicology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... distal convoluted tubule ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management