13 results
Unmeasured Anions Associated with an Elevated Anion Gap and Metabolic Acidosis

#Unmeasured #Anions #Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis #Diagnosis
Gap and Metabolic ... #Gap #Metabolic ... #Acidosis #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology #Table ... #Differential #
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
to be higher in Asians ... in the distal tubule ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Non-reabsorbed anions ... Hypomagnesemia • Barrter's/Gitelman's ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... tubular acidosis Anion ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... Diagnosis: Causes ... sedation, narcotics, CVA ... Interpretation #Diagnosis ... #Summary #Nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Diagnosis Framework ... and Workup NAGMA ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Defects in Kidney Tubule ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Table
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Bartter - Gitelman ... extracellular anion ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology