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differential algorithm management potassium syndrome causes pathophysiology table urine alkalosis chloride defects diuretics epithelial excretion hyperkalemia inherited low medications metabolic
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
↑ Aldosterone: Kidney ... , Thiazide diuretics ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
in the distal tubule ... nephron → - ↑ K+ ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome - Management Treatment includes - Electrolyte replacement - K & Mg, preferably Cl salts
Gitelman Syndrome ... - Management Treatment ... In persistent hypokalemia ... , K sparing diuretics ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... use), Gitelman's ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential Diagnosis ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #differential #diagnosis ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup Blood Work: - Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Blood Work: - Hypokalemia ... Inappropriate renal K+ ... Normotensive - No diuretic ... #Workup #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
Inherited Defects in Kidney ... syndrome - Na-K- ... cotransporter, K ... ascending limb Gitelman ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... , K-sparing diuretics ... Calcium 2-3g IV Ca-gluconate ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #nephrology #K
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... with thiazide diuretic ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
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