12 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... alkalosisKidney ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
in the distal tubule ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... alkalosis - ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
alkalosis ↓ ↑ ... - Differential Diagnosis ... sedation, narcotics, CVA ... Interpretation #Diagnosis ... #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Diagnosis ECF ... after fasting #Metabolic ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects in Kidney ... Tubule Epithelial ... Inherited #Defects #Kidney ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Differential #Table
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... alkalosis • Familial ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Elevated ... autosomal dominant kidney ... of echogenic kidneys ... #Workup #nephrology
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity

Hypernatremia (HyperNa):
 - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
mmol/L Anion-Gap Metabolic ... impairing citrate metabolism ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Toxicity #toxicology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... with previously stable ... disturbance, or acute kidney ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... alkalosis. 7.