12 results
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 • Urine Chloride
 • Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
Differentiating Gitelman ... syndrome from Bartter ... Chloride • Urine Ca ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #hypokalemia #diagnosis
How do you work up an ischemic CVA?
A) Initial Evaluation
 • ABCs
 • IV access, monitor
up an ischemic CVA ... hemorrhage and other mimics ... #CVA #stroke #workup ... #diagnosis #checklist ... #neurology
Differential Diagnosis of Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke
 - TIA/stroke 
 - Seizure 
 - Hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia
Differential Diagnosis ... of Transient Ischemic ... ) #Stroke #Mimics ... #CVA #TIA #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Stroke Evaluation and Management Algorithm

Clinical suspicion of stroke (BE FAST)
 • Balance loss
 • Eyes: vision
Immediate Workup ... Ischemic Stroke ... Management #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #differential #neurology ... #CVA
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... in the distal tubule ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Defects in Kidney Tubule ... acid transporter Bartter ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
that will cause ischemia ... or blood-brain barrier ... permeability Diagnosis ... prevention (statin for CVA ... Erythematosus #SLE #CNS #neurology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... Refeeding syndrome • Bartter ... syndrome • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... actively working • Bartter ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Osmotic diuresis, Bartter's ... syndrome (mimics ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology