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differential hypokalemia syndrome algorithm alkalosis causes management metabolic pathophysiology stroke checklist chloride defects epithelial hyperkalemia incidence inherited ischemic k kidney
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome • Urine Chloride • Urine Ca/Cr ratio Dr. Krithika
Differentiating Gitelman ... syndrome from Bartter ... Chloride • Urine Ca ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #hypokalemia #diagnosis
What are common stroke mimics? From Konrad CN, Crocco T, Biola J, Larrabee H. Is it stroke,
common stroke mimics ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Stroke #Mimics ... #Table #CVA #Incidence ... #Misdiagnosed #Neurology
How do you work up an ischemic CVA? A) Initial Evaluation • ABCs • IV access, monitor
How do you work ... hemorrhage and other mimics ... suspicion) • +/- bubble ... #diagnosis #checklist ... #neurology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
acid transporter Bartter ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Table
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... in the distal tubule ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... Refeeding syndrome • Bartter ... syndrome • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... actively working • Bartter ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Osmotic diuresis, Bartter's ... syndrome (mimics ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... in the proximal tubule ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... reabsorption) Workup ... Elimination (see Table ... Calcium 2-3g IV Ca-gluconate ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
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