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differential algorithm alkalosis metabolic syndrome urine blood checklist chloride clinical half hematuria hyperkalemia hypokalemia ischemic k management one oneandahalf ophthalmology
How do you work up an ischemic CVA? A) Initial Evaluation • ABCs • IV access, monitor
How do you work ... hemorrhage and other mimics ... suspicion) • +/- bubble ... #diagnosis #checklist ... #neurology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... in the distal tubule ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... : Differential Diagnosis ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... syndrome (mimics ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... in the proximal tubule ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
One and a Half Syndrome on Physical Exam This 28 year old patient presented to clinic with
Entering VA was ... An APD was noted ... The most common causes ... the hospital, diagnosed ... ophthalmology #neurology
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 Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... reabsorption) Workup ... only if no clear cause ... Calcium 2-3g IV Ca-gluconate ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
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