21 results
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Syndrome is a rare ... in the distal tubule ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... excretion of Cl > 0.5% Clinical ... of echogenic kidneys ... #Syndrome #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
How do you work up an ischemic CVA?
A) Initial Evaluation
 • ABCs
 • IV access, monitor
How do you work ... suspicion) • +/- bubble ... #stroke #workup ... #diagnosis #checklist ... #neurology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects in Kidney ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Liddle syndrome ... Inherited #Defects #Kidney ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... and Differential Diagnosis ... investigations depending on clinical ... #nephrology #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
, Gitelman syndrome ... in the proximal tubule ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... wasting from other causes ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... : Differential Diagnosis ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook

Acute Idiopathic Unilateral Facial Nerve (CN7) Palsy
Presentation:
- Atypical Clinical ... and Workup: • ... No additional workup ... CNS inflammatory cause ... Management #Treatment #Neurology
One and a Half Syndrome on Physical Exam

This 28 year old patient presented to clinic with
Entering VA was ... An APD was noted ... The most common causes ... the hospital, diagnosed ... ophthalmology #neurology