18 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Classification of Neonatal Seizures
Subtle 
Clonic 
 - Focal 
 - Multifocal 
Tonic 
 - Focal
Neonatal Seizures Subtle ... Classification #Diagnosis ... #Peds #Pediatrics ... #Neurology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Periodic paralysis Alkalosis ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Differential #Algorithm #Diagnosis ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
in the distal tubule ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Hypovolemia ... and metabolic alkalosis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... Before evaluating hypokalemia ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... diuretics after renal tubule ... indicates a renal tubule ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... responsive metabolic alkalosis ... in the proximal tubule ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... hypomagnesemia • Metabolic alkalosis ... Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management