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nephrology diagnosis differential algorithm hypokalemia causes low alkalosis metabolic chloride defects fanconi liddle localization management urine
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Bartter Syndrome ... #Fanconi #Bartter ... #Nephron #Defects ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... Gitelman Syndrome ... delivery to distal nephron ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
secreting tumor, Primary ... thiazide diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
• Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... syndrome • Primary ... algorithm #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... distal convoluted tubule ... • Bartter syndrome ... • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
High Al, Low R - Primary ... h - Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
> 20 meq/L • Primary ... actively working • Bartter ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary ... diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... of sodium and potassium
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