9 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
• Prosthetic valve ... annulus valve: ... Dilated cardiomyopathy ... #differential #diagnosis ... #cardiology #causes
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Echocardiogram (a4c ... Mitral valve doesn ... aneurysm idiopathic. 2. ... ASD with R/L shunting ... #left #atrium #a4c
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
valve - Secondary ... Nonischemic MR: Dilated ... #Mitral #Regurgitation ... Primary #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Small secundum ASD ... to right shunt 2. ... #Diagnosis #cardiology ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... regurgitation ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Marantic: Emboli > Regurgitation ... #management #cardiology
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
- Overview and Differential ... involves aortic and mitral ... regurgitation ... #Endocarditis #Differential ... #Diagnosis #cardiology
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
Early transit of bubbles ... = PFO 2. ... In addition to dilated ... stretched PFO or ASD ... clinical #pocus #a4c
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
Palpitations - Differential ... heart failure • Mitral ... valve prolapse ... regurgitation ... #Differential #
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
branch block or ... cardioversion 2. ... Moderate or severe mitral ... Mechanical heart valve ... Fibrillation #AFib #diagnosis