9 results
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Giant dilated left ... Mitral valve doesn ... ASD with R/L shunting ... #clinical #cardiology ... #pocus
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Diagnosis 1. ... Small secundum ASD ... #Diagnosis #cardiology ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
disease Infective endocarditis ... vegetations)/tumor (left atrial ... stenosis #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential # ... cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Infective/marantic endocarditis ... plane into left atrium ... Nonischemic MR: Dilated ... Primary #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis ... #differential # ... #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... -> TEE • Duke Criteria ... #cardiology
Constrictive Pericarditis on Echocardiogram
A 55-year-old female marathon runner presents to clinic w/ 6-months of worsening breathlessness
pericarditis: (A) a dilated ... , (B) a septal mitral ... criteria (D) a ... Echocardiogram #a4c ... #pocus #clinical
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... → TEE • Duke Criteria ... Diagnosis #cardiology
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
Early transit of bubbles ... as RAP>LAP as atrial ... In addition to dilated ... Echocardiogram #clinical #pocus ... #a4c #intrapulmonary