12 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Primary and Secondary ... Causes of Mitral ... Regurgitation #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes #primary
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Small secundum ASD ... to right shunt 2. ... Diagnosis #cardiology ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... of primary mitral ... Infective/marantic endocarditis ... #Causes #Primary ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Causes of Petechial Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Pinpoint areas (less than 2 mm) of hemorrhage, which
Causes of Petechial ... areas (less than 2 ... Abnormalities in primary ... Schonlein Purpura - Endocarditis ... Vasculitis (lupus, RA
Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusions (Hemopericardium)- Differential Diagnosis Framework

IATROGENIC DISEASE
Secondary to invasive cardiac procedures

NONIATROGENIC
• Malignancy (e.g., metastatic spread:
Diagnosis Framework ... uncommon - 1 to 2% ... OTHER RARE CAUSES ... MCTD, Lupus, GPA, RA ... #Diagnosis #cardiology
Cardiac Masses - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Myxoma
 • Papillary Fibroelastoma
 • Rhabdomyoma
 • Fibroma
 •
Differential Diagnosis ... - Tumefactive mitral ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #cardiology ... #radiology #tumor
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Treat underlying cause ... #cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
- Most Common Cause ... prosthetic valve, PFO, ASD ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis ... #differential #
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
Early transit of bubbles ... = PFO 2. ... other) causing ⬆️ RA ... Echocardiogram #clinical #pocus ... #a4c #intrapulmonary
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... involves aortic and mitral ... Septic emboli cause ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #cardiology