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PIRATES Mnemonic for the Causes of Atrial Fibrillation

P - Pulmonary Disease, PE
I - Ischemic, Idiopathic
R -
the Causes of Atrial ... P - Pulmonary Disease ... Elevated BP, Enlarged Atrium ... PIRATES #Mnemonic #Atrial ... AFib #Differential
Atrial Fibrillation Overview

Symptoms:
Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

1. Why?
Cardiac:
• Valvular heart disease
•
Atrial Fibrillation ... Decompensated HF ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... Anticoagulation #Atrial ... #Algorithm
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... risk factors Atrial ... right and left atria ... identify left atrial ... test for DM Atrial
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
convert - Possible atrial ... flutter, ectopic atrial ... Rhythm: • Probable atrial ... possible atrial ... #algorithm
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Chronic Dyspnea - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Arrhythmia • Atrial ... Fibrillation ... Interstitium • ILD • CHF
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Negative Contrast ... Effect in Right Atrium ... Small secundum ASD ... Effect #Right #Atrium ... echocardiogram #s4c #pocus #bubble
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
Paroxysmal AF, atrial ... flutter, or atrial ... Arrhythmias: • Atrial ... fibrillation/flutter ... • Multifocal atrial
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
on this saline contrast ... liver disease and pulmonary ... Early transit of bubbles ... as RAP>LAP as atrial ... stretched PFO or ASD