31 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Low intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
in Wonderland Syndrome ... in size (micro and ... (Many causes!) ... • Epilepsy • Psychiatric ... #diagnosis #neurology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... #nephrology #low
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Diseases - Nephritic and ... Hypertension. t BUN and ... RBC casts in urine ... #Classification ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... Glycols - ethylene and ... with short bowel syndrome ... salicylate toxicity causes ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... • Skin and/or ... diagnosis #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #potassium
Confabulation
What? Honest Lie.  
No incoming sensory information + Filling of the blanks with different information
Diseases: Korsakoff Syndrome ... Disease, Anton's Syndrome ... Cortical Blindness, Psychiatric ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... potassium acid ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of ... Obstructive uropathy, Metabolic ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... is aimed at the psychiatric ... #Types #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... tubal acidosis and ... metabolic alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology