361 results
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
Etiologies by Mechanism ... IV Mg infusion (e.g ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... Magnesium #Table #Causes ... #Management
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
Hypercalcemia - EKG ... Findings Causes ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... Hypercalcemia #EKG ... #Differential #Causes
Digoxin effect on Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside from the foxglove leaf
Mechanism
 - Inhibits Na-K
Electrocardiogram (EKG ... foxglove leaf Mechanism ... - Decreases AV ... nodal conduction Uses ... Electrocardiogram #EKG
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Etiologies by Mechanism ... - Gitelman syndrome ... Miscellaneous Mechanisms ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... Classification #Causes
Causes of Erythema Nodosum - Mnemonic

NO cause found in 60% of cases
Drugs (antibiotics e.g., sulfonamides, amoxicillin)
Oral
Causes of Erythema ... Mnemonic NO cause ... Drugs (antibiotics e.g ... Sarcoidosis or Lofgren's syndrome ... Nodosum #Mnemonic #Causes
Upper and Lower Causes of GI Bleed
Upper:
 • Esophagus: Tear (Mallory Weiss, Boerhaave syndrome), Variceal, Esophagitis,
Upper and Lower Causes ... Weiss, Boerhaave syndrome ... Variceal, Cancer, AVM ... PUD, Duodenitis, AVM ... differential #diagnosis #Causes
There are two patterns of T-wave abnormality in Wellens’ syndrome:
-Type A = Biphasic, with initial positivity
abnormality in Wellens’ syndrome ... negativity (25% of cases ... inverted (75% of cases ... #EKG #Wellens # ... Syndrome #TypeA
EKG in Acute Pulmonary Embolism
The sensitivity and specificity for EKG findings in acute PE are low.
EKG
EKG in Acute Pulmonary ... specificity for EKG ... EKG is helpful in ... evaluating for other causes ... Changes • STE in aVR
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism ... - Cirrhosis Syndrome ... - Malignancy (e.g ... CNS pathology (e.g ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Myocarditis - Diagnosis and Causes
 • Clinical presentation: Pseudo-acute coronary syndrome, Cardiac failure <3 rnonths, Cardiogenic
Diagnosis and Causes ... Pseudo-acute coronary syndrome ... Recent flu-like syndrome ... Paraclinical assessment: EKG ... diagnosis: Ischernic cause