10 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... • 1ml blood/liter ... clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... hematuria • Signs ... #blood
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
, urine microscopy ... / urinary sediment ... osmolarity If cause ... investigations depending on clinical ... context and signs
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... disease Red blood ... #Casts #Differential ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
Urine Microscopy ... - Urinary Sediment ... presence of protein, blood ... esterase • Fill conical ... #Microscopy #Urinary
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... 109 mm Hg) with clinical ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... #Differential #
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
Diagnosis and Clinical ... ↑ 24-hour urine ... or M RI of the abdomen ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
Hyperthyroidism Overview Clinical ... hyperthyroidism #causes ... #diagnosis #differential ... #endocrinology ... #signs #symptoms
Amyloidosis - Summary
Group of disorders associated with extracellular deposition of fibrils formed from low-molecular-weight proteins in
Clinical suspicion ... Amyloidosis Clinical ... hypoadrenalism • Nausea ... Diagnostic Testing Blood ... polarized light microscopy
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Vasculitis - Differential ... purpura: Strong sign ... pulses, bruits, or blood ... (PR3-ANCA)): Microscopic ... tract, and often causes
Uremic Frost in End-Stage Renal Disease- A 39-year-old man with end-stage renal disease presented to the
with anorexia, nausea ... continued to have urine ... face (Panel A), abdomen ... studies showed a blood ... #NEJM #clinical