26 results
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Proximal Weakness, Normal ... Myopathy (Also caused ... hydroxychloroquine therapy), Normal ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... signs #symptoms #diagnosis
Echocardiography
Right ventricular function can be assessed using several methods and echocardiography is generally the first‐line tool
lower limit of normal ... predictive of all‐cause ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #POCUS #Echocardiogram
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... intralobular bile ducts causes ... • ALT & AST normal ... • Bilirubin - Normal ... or higher • Liver
Algorithm regarding the diagnosis and treatment of Hereditary Hemochromatosis HH. 

Step 1: In the patient with
regarding the diagnosis ... <45% and SF is normal ... If other causes ... hemochromatosis #algorithm #diagnosis ... #management #hepatology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... Areflexia (loss of normal ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
Thrombocytopenia - Normal ... DIC • Severe Liver ... - APTT < 1.5 x normal ... #Coagulation #diagnosis ... #management #hematology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... symptoms are not caused ... anterior/posterior MSK ... heart (2-5%), liver ... (pain/abnormal
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
- Differential Diagnosis ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... - Core temp normal ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #stroke
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... excrete water normally ... Then, ask 3 questions ... include vaptans (HF/liver ... #Treatment #management
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with portal hypertension
No other obvious causes (chronic
a patient with portal ... other obvious causes ... Transthoracic echocardiogram ... hemodynamics Liver ... #management #hepatology