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Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Redistribution: Acidosis ... Assess GFR), ±VBG (acidosis ... hyperchloremic acidosis ... Redistribution Treatments ... gtt - Only in acidosis
KDIGO Treatment algorithm for management of acute hyperkalemia in the emergency department
 • Place on cardiac
KDIGO Treatment ... management of acute hyperkalemia ... bicarbonate if acidosis ... Consider dialysis #hyperkalemia ... management #algorithm #treatment
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... bicarbonate if acidosis ... , asystole #hyperkalemia ... management #algorithm #treatment
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... Renal tubular acidosis ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... Renal tubular acidosis ... - Antiviral treatment
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... Renal tubular acidosis ... or induced) #Hypokalemia
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Family history of hypokalemia ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... pathophysiology #Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis - Impaired Excretion vs Redistribution

Impaired Urinary Excretion 
 - Renal failure
 -
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... deficiency - Acidosis ... - Exercise - Hyperkalemic ... DrEricStrong #Hyperkalemia
Reported Mechanisms and Toxicity of Investigational Treatments for SARS-COV-2
Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine
 • Mechanisms: Interference with ligand
Investigational Treatments ... myocardial depression, hypokalemia ... neuropathy, lactic acidosis
“H’s & T’s“ - The reversible causes of Cardiac Arrest 
Hypovolemia, Hypoxia/Hypoxemia, Hydrogen Ion Excess (Acidosis),
Hydrogen Ion Excess (Acidosis ... ), Hypokalemia/Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia Approach

#hypokalemia #algorithm #approach #diagnosis #management #treatment #medgram
Hyperkalemia Approach ... #hypokalemia ... diagnosis #management #treatment