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Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) Clinical Guidelines

ACLF = possibly reversible condition in those with CLD (± cirrhosis)
those with CLD (± cirrhosis ... Failure Infections Alcohol-Associated ... Hepatitis (AAH) ... #Hepatology #gastroenterology ... #management #diagnosis
Hepatomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malignant
 • Primary Carcinoma
 • Metastases
 • Lymphoma
 • Leukemia
 • Polycythemia
Algorithm Malignant ... Non-Malignant • Fatty Liver ... Inflammatory • Alcoholic ... Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ... #Hepatology
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
Diagnosis of ascites ... protein ≤ 2.5 g/dL: Cirrhosis ... syndrome, Massive liver ... albumin #gradient #hepatology ... #algorithm
Patterns of Liver Injury
Transaminase Levels:
  > 50x normal - Ischemic Hepatitis
  > 20x normal
Patterns of Liver ... cirrhosis, Portal ... #Patterns #Liver ... #Injury #hepatology ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Ascites
Normal Peritoneum
Portal hypertension (SAAG > 1.1 g/dL)
  1. Hepatic congestionl
Liver disease ... - Cirrhosis ... - Alcoholic hepatitis ... Ascites #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential #hepatology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Elevated Liver Enzymes ... Algorithm Severe ... hepatitis • Drugs ... Infiltrative • Cirrhosis ... Others #LFTs #Hepatology
Common Etiologies of Cirrhosis

Inflammation

 - Hepatitis B (15 percent)

 - Hepatitis C (47 percent)

 - Schistosomiasis
Inflammation - Hepatitis ... Sarcoidosis Toxic - Alcohol ... Nonalcoholic fatty liver ... 14 percent) #Diagnosis ... #Differential #Hepatology
Causes of Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular - Liver Parenchyma
 • Infectious: Hepatitis C, A,
- Differential Diagnosis ... HSV • Toxic: Alcohol ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Causes #Acute #algorithm ... #hepatology
Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG) - Differential Diagnosis
High albumin gradient (>1.1 g/dl):
 - Cirrhosis	
 - Alcoholic
Albumin Gradient (SAAG ... - Differential Diagnosis ... >1.1 g/dl): - Cirrhosis ... - Alcoholic hepatitis ... #hepatology
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
- Differential Diagnosis ... HTN: ascites (SAAG ... /acute hepatitis ... sarcoidosis) • Liver ... #causes #hepatology