452 results
Unmeasured Anions Associated with an Elevated Anion Gap and Metabolic Acidosis

#Unmeasured #Anions #Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis #Diagnosis
Unmeasured Anions ... #Unmeasured #Anions ... #Differential #Causes
Pathological Optic Disc Cupping

Note cup-to-disc ratio at least 0.8 (physiologic limit of 0.5).

Thinning of optic disc
Usual cause is glaucoma ... Glaucoma causes ... of optic nerve axons
Adson's Test for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

To perform Adson's Test locate the radial pulse.
Have the patient take
Adson's Test for ... To perform Adson's ... open_michigan #Adsons ... Outlet #Syndrome #PhysicalExam
Internal Jugular Vein Rouleaux Flow on POCUS

Amazing video of a dilated IJV showing Rouleaux flow. Whenever
Rouleaux Flow on POCUS ... significantly, it causes ... echogenic as in this case ... for underlying cause ... Jugular #IJ #Vein #POCUS
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Nonreabsorbable anions ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Clinical Bedside Odors and Causes:
Metabolic, Toxins, Infectious

#Odors #Bedside #PhysicalExam #Causes #Differential #Smells
Bedside Odors and Causes ... Odors #Bedside #PhysicalExam ... #Causes #Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Non-reabsorbable anions ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Pemberton's Sign caused by a Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Elevating the arms causes the previously flat neck veins
Pemberton's Sign caused ... Elevating the arms causes ... Thyroid #Goiter #PhysicalExam
Cotton Wool Spots

Caused by microinfarcts. Exploded ganglion cell axons extrude their axoplasm into retina. Long DDx:
Wool Spots Caused ... ganglion cell axons
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... Tuberculosis: can cause ... Dizziness • Nausea ... insufficiency #addisons