39 results
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
 - Pathophysiology not fully understood; possibly due to thrombus located in
Central Retinal ... located in the central ... Second most common cause ... disease (Most common cause ... Ophthalmology #Fundoscopy
Pathological Optic Disc Cupping

Note cup-to-disc ratio at least 0.8 (physiologic limit of 0.5).

Thinning of optic disc
Usual cause is glaucoma ... Glaucoma causes ... of optic nerve axons ... OpticDisc #Cupping #fundoscopy
Clues to Differential Diagnosis of Central Cyanosis: Onset of cyanosis, Clubbing, Secondary erythrocytosis, Auscultation, X-ray, Echocardiography,
Clues to Differential ... Diagnosis of Central ... Differential #Diagnosis #Central ... #Cardiology #Causes
Cotton Wool Spots

Caused by microinfarcts. Exploded ganglion cell axons extrude their axoplasm into retina. Long DDx:
Wool Spots Caused ... ganglion cell axons ... CottonWool #Spots #fundoscopy
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
Tiredness, weakness, mental ... hypotension - Nausea ... thyroid disease - Central ... Insufficiency #Addisons
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Central Retinal ... => Blockage of central ... retinal artery => Central ... retinal edema caused ... Ganglion cells and axons
Tachycardia - Differential Diagnosis Table - Wide vs Narrow, Regular vs Irregular

Regular Rhythm - Narrow Complex
whether AF is cause ... Tx: Underlying cause ... Rate/Rhythm control ... Narrow #Irregular #causes ... #cardiology
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
poisoning • Mental ... stroke • Severe nausea ... pulsations on funduscopy ... vasoconstriction syndrome, central ... signs #symptoms #clues
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
returns - Control ... tachycardia - Control ... Treat underlying cause ... Treat underlying cause ... Treatment #management #cardiology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)
Anatomy: First branch of the internal carotid artery is the ophthalmic artery
Central Retinal ... Causes: - Carotid ... also important cause ... Ophthalmology #Fundoscopy ... #Central #Retinal