59 results
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
 - Pathophysiology not fully understood; possibly due to thrombus located in
Central Retinal ... located in the central ... Second most common cause ... disease (Most common cause ... Ophthalmology #Fundoscopy
Pathological Optic Disc Cupping

Note cup-to-disc ratio at least 0.8 (physiologic limit of 0.5).

Thinning of optic disc
Usual cause is glaucoma ... Glaucoma causes ... of optic nerve axons ... OpticDisc #Cupping #fundoscopy
Cotton Wool Spots

Caused by microinfarcts. Exploded ganglion cell axons extrude their axoplasm into retina. Long DDx:
Wool Spots Caused ... ganglion cell axons ... CottonWool #Spots #fundoscopy
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
Tiredness, weakness, mental ... hypotension - Nausea ... thyroid disease - Central ... Insufficiency #Addisons
Hyperthermia Syndromes Comparison
Serotonin Syndrome - NMS - Malignant Hyperthermia - Malignant Catatonia
Cause - Onset - Vitals
Malignant Catatonia Cause ... Tone - Reflexes - Mental ... Status - Treatment
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
Treatment of Stable ... returns - Control ... Treat underlying cause ... Treat underlying cause ... #Tachycardia #Treatment
The management of hypoxia in a patient undergoing a procedure has a variety of etiologies, but
recognize the cause ... to also have a general ... treatment guidline ... algorithm #management #treatment
Suspected Celiac Disease - Diagnosis Algorithm

Celiac disease suspected:
 • Signs and symptoms of celiac disease
 •
unresponsive to treatment ... without discernable cause ... hepatitis, T1DM, Addisons
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Central Retinal ... => Blockage of central ... retinal artery => Central ... retinal edema caused ... Ganglion cells and axons
Cardiac Tamponade - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Caused by an accumulation of blood, pus, effusion fluid
in Anaesthesia Caused ... or iatrogenic causes ... , e.g. central line ... thoracotomy is a better treatment ... of underlying cause