100 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... #differential #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Non-reabsorbable anions ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... Tuberculosis: can cause ... sodium • ↑ Serum potassium ... Check sodium, potassium ... insufficiency #addisons
Pathological Optic Disc Cupping

Note cup-to-disc ratio at least 0.8 (physiologic limit of 0.5).

Thinning of optic disc
Usual cause is glaucoma ... Glaucoma causes ... of optic nerve axons ... ophthalmology #Clinical
Interstitial pneumonias
An acute reticular pattern is most frequently caused by interstitial edema due to cardiac heart
most frequently caused ... The other cause ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #Acute #Interstitial
Lobar pneumonia
On the chest x-ray there is an ill-defined area of increased density in the right
In the proper clinical ... include the list of causes ... lobar pneumonia caused ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #AirBronchogram
Tinea Versicolor (Pityriasis versicolor) 
NOT a dermatophyte infection 
Caused by saprophytic, lipid-dependent yeasts 
Clinical 
 •
dermatophyte infection Caused ... lipid-dependent yeasts Clinical ... Diagnosis • Potassium
Cotton Wool Spots

Caused by microinfarcts. Exploded ganglion cell axons extrude their axoplasm into retina. Long DDx:
Wool Spots Caused ... ganglion cell axons ... ophthalmology #Clinical
Flecainide Toxicity on ECG

70 year old patient with chronic atrial fibrillation on an antiarrhythmic presented with
presented with nausea ... Potassium normal ... Electrocardiogram #Cardiology #Clinical
Cardiac Tamponade - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Caused by an accumulation of blood, pus, effusion fluid
help and inform clinical ... indicated, start CPR ... strategy. ❼ If clinically ... small volume may cause ... a dramatic clinical