6 results
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... Age-related changes, chronic ... endocarditis (vegetations ... #diagnosis #differential ... #cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Rheumatic heart disease ... Vegetations seen ... Age-related changes, chronic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Cardiology
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
patients with chronic ... (< 5% pts with afibb ... #Fibrillation #AFib ... #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Septic Emboli Cause ... formation • Other vegetations ... Treat underlying cause ... -mm left sided vegetations ... #management #cardiology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... irrigation • Management ... liver cirrhosis, chronic ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... correction of chronic ... vaptans (HF/liver disease ... #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium