7 results
Stroke Etiologies
Hemorrhagic (IPH, SAH)
Ischemic
 - Large Vessel Atherosclerosis
 - Cardioembolic: Atrial fib, prosthetic valves, LV aneurysm,
Cardioembolic: Atrial ... fib, prosthetic ... valves, LV aneurysm ... , Endocarditis, ... embolism, Occult a-fib
Causes of Ischemic Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Important to determine and treat the etiology behind because
Causes of Ischemic ... • Arrhythmias: Afib ... * • Valvular: Mitral ... stenosis, Prosthetic valve ... • Endocarditis
Atrial Fibrillation on POCUS Echocardiogram (A4C)

35yoF presents with acute onset atrial fibrillation.  POCUS shows dilated
Atrial Fibrillation ... Echocardiogram (A4C ... & poor mitral valve ... #Fibrillation #AFib ... Echocardiogram #A4C
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
(A-Fib) Summary ... Decompensated HF • New ischemia ... control with early Afib ... Mechanical heart valve ... #Fibrillation #AFib
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Early embolic/ischemic ... formation • Other vegetations ... -mm left sided vegetations
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Early embolic/ischemic ... -mm left sided vegetations ... Diagnosis #cardiology #infectiousdiseases
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Infective/marantic endocarditis ... Vegetations seen ... plane into left atrium ... valve - Secondary ... regurgitation - Ischemic