2903 results
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Low Renin, Low Aldosterone ... High Renin, Low Aldosterone ... Normal or High Aldosterone ... ) - Aldosterone ... Comparison #Table #Causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... High Renin, High Aldosterone ... Low Renin, High Aldosterone ... • Aldosterone-secreting ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... aldosteronism - Plasma aldosterone ... withdrawal of aldosterone ... with 24-h urine aldosterone ... test with plasma aldosterone
Drugs causing hyperkalemia
 • Impaired release of renin: NSAIDs, Beta blockers, Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Diabetes, Elderly
 •
blockers • Impaired aldosterone ... Pentamidine • Aldosterone ... #medications #causes
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... antagonists • Aldosterone ... glycosides • Aldosterone ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Decreased intake (rare cause ... High renin, High aldosterone ... Low renin, High aldosterone ... Low renin, Low aldosterone
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone ... The end point is aldosterone ... sodium, which causes ... inhibiting drug classes ... ACEI, ARB, and Aldosterone
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low Aldosterone ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... - ↑ Renin ↑ Aldosterone ... - ↓ Renin ↑ Aldosterone ... - ↓ Renin ↓ Aldosterone
Causes, classification and compensatory responses to shock.

Shock can be caused by any pathological process that leads
Causes, classification ... Shock can be caused ... The cause of shock ... renin–angiotensin–aldosterone ... #Differential #Causes