613 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Aldosterone: Liddle's Syndrome ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Secondary causes of Hypertension
 • Medications, Drugs, Chemo: NSAIDS, Steroids, CNI, Alcohol, Cocaine, OCP, Licorice, MAOI,
Secondary causes ... Hyperaldosternism (low renin HTN ... Other Endocrine causes ... Other low renin HTN ... causes: Cushing's
Antihypertensive Drugs - Summary
Diuretics:
 • Thiazide type: Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide
 • Thiazide-like: Chlorthalidone, Indapamide, Metolazone
 • Loop
Dihydropyridines: Amlodipine ... , felodipine, Nifedipine ... #hypertension #htn
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
mmHg - portal HTN ... and hepatorenal syndrome ... Post-Hepatic: • Cardiac causes ... • Budd Chiari syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Pharmacologic Treatments of Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy
Central alpha-agonists
 - Methyldopa
 - Clonidine
Combined alpha- and beta-blocker
 -
preparation) - Amlodipine ... #Pharmacology #HTN
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Consider secondary HTN ... • Nephritic syndrome ... Excess: • Conn's syndrome ... Licorice • Liddle's syndrome ... #Hypertension #HTN
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... Hyperaldosteronism: malignant HT ... , renovascular HT ... diagnosis #algorithm #causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... Aldosterone: Malignant HTN ... , Renovascular HTN ... , Gitelman syndrome
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Cardiovascular Causes ... Tamponade Pulmonary Causes ... - Pulmonary HTN ... Hepatopulmonary syndrome ... Other Causes
Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hypertension:
 • Hypertensive emergency
 • Hypertensive encephalopathy
• Cushing’s syndrome ... with compensatory HTN ... Scleroderma renal crises ... • Serotonin syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes