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Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia ... inflammation) • Iron ... Sideroblastic anemia ... ACD, Aplastic anemia ... MatthewHoMD #Anemia
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Causes of Anemia ... Volume (MCV) - Differential ... • Pernicious Anemia ... • Pernicious Anemia ... #Anemia #Macrocytosis
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Framework for Anemia ... MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic ... " • Iron deficiency ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... morphologic #mcv #differential
Causes of Anemia with Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Heme Synthesis or
Causes of Anemia ... Volume (MCV) - Differential ... TlBC > 18% • Anemia ... #Microcytic #Anemia ... #Macrocytosis #
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
anemia • Vitamin ... B12 - Macrocytic ... anemia, cognitive ... - Anemia • Zinc ... cognitive dysfunction, anemia
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
RBC) Morphology Microcytic ... deficiency anemia ... Sideroblastic anemia ... RBC: Vitamin B12 ... deficiency anemia
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
E - Haemolytic anaemia ... paraesthesiae • Folate - Anaemia ... - Anaemia, neurological ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #nutrition
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
autoantibodies (pernicious anemia ... anemia, yellow ... wt loss • If anemia ... - CBC, PBS - anemia ... diagnosis #management #nutrition
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
blood cell count (anemia ... anemia DDX: ... • Aplastic Anemia ... Megaloblastic Anemia ... Myelophthisic Anemia