1320 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Diuretics (carbonic anhydrase ... inhibitors, loop ... syndrome (mimics loop ... #differential #
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion Effects 
Diuresis, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Uric Acid
 - Thiazide Type
Thiazide Type - Loop ... Blocker - Carbonic Anhydrase
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron
1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol)
3) Loop
Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase ... . mannitol) 3) Loop
Overview of effects of diuretics and hormones involved in fluid homeostasis.

#diruetic #diuretics 
#aldosterone #ADH #ANP #BNP
#thiazide
hydrocholorothyazide #loop ... amiloride #carbonic #anhydrase
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Interaction CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ... empagliflozin LOOP
Thiazide
diuretics
Carbonic anhydrase
inhibitors
(e.g., acetazolamide)
Nat-Cl symport
Na and HCO;-
reabsorption
Aldosterone
antagonists
(e.g., spironolactone)
Nat channel
(indirect effect)
Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide)
Amiloride,
#triamterene
Nat-K+-2CF symport
Na channel
(direct effect)
#NaCI reabsorption
diuretics Carbonic anhydrase ... indirect effect) Loop
Drugs Causing Acute Pancreatitis

Class Ia: The medications in which there was a rechallenge and other causes
rechallenge and other causes ... out other common causes ... Class II: Cases ... #Pancreatitis #Causes ... #Differential #
Causes of Nausea and Vomiting - Differential Algorithm #Diagnosis #EM #IM #Causes #Nausea #Vomiting #Differential #NonGI
Causes of Nausea ... and Vomiting - Differential ... Diagnosis #EM #IM #Causes ... #Nausea #Vomiting ... #Differential #
Causes of Erythema Nodosum - Mnemonic

NO cause found in 60% of cases
Drugs (antibiotics e.g., sulfonamides, amoxicillin)
Oral
Causes of Erythema ... Mnemonic NO cause ... found in 60% of cases ... Nodosum #Mnemonic #Causes ... #Differential #
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Metolazone Loop ... Triamterene Carbonic anhydrase ... nephrology #conversion #loop ... #thiazide #classes