13 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Anion Gap Metabolic ... of Metabolic Alkalosis ... bloodgas #Acid #Base
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Anion gap metabolic ... • Normal acid-base ... #causes #urinary
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
2. Arterial pH <7.3
3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
4. At least
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA ... gap metabolic acidosis ... Common, early signs ... production, the rate of metabolism ... acidosis has resolved
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Normal Acid-Base ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... #Algorithm #causes
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
metabolic acidosis ... Presentation seems like DKA ... ingestion/exposure Symptoms ... Metabolic Acidosis ... , Respiratory Alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Anion gap metabolic ... the indicated causes ... of anion gap metabolic ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Alkalosis: Emesis ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... acidosis: Proximal ... RTA, Distal RTA, DKA ... #diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... extracellular anion ... metabolic acidosis ... metabolic alkalosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... To prevent hypokalemia ... Due to neuronal metabolism ... 3) Follow the anion ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Labs: - Metabolic ... → Syncope • Signs ... /Symptoms: - Lightheadedness ... #causes #stroke