8 results
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
is usually caused ... vast majority of cases ... the underlying cause ... demyelination syndrome ... Treatment #management #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... of hypotonic hyponatremia ... / serum Na >1 is ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... table #sodium #nephrology
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... Worsening of previous neurologic ... Vasculopathy: • Usually is ... neurological symptoms • Caused ... differential #TB #neurology
Causes of Status Epilepticus in Adults
METABOLIC DISTURBANCES
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hypocalcemia
Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
Hyponatremia
Uremia
INFECTIOUS PROCESSES
Central nervous system abscess
Encephalitis
Meningitis
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES
Alcohol
Antiepileptic drugs
Baclofen
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
CENTRAL
Causes of Status ... hyperglycemia Hyponatremia ... Meningitis WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES ... Theophylline Tricyclic antidepressants ... #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
(CES) is usually ... disturbance • Bladder, bowel ... - Emergency Causes ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
D-lactate (short bowel ... syndrome, intestinal ... Acetazolamide Causes ... Neuromuscular weakness (GBS ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
injury - Loss of bowel ... injury • Gait is ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer
UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
Hyponatremia Differential ... capillary leak syndrome ... chemotherapy, nausea ... metastases) #Hyponatremia ... Cancer #algorithm #nephrology